英语单词组合规律

英语单词组合规律？

英文字母及字母组合发音规律

★英文字母及字母组合发音规律

（I） 元音字母及元音字母组合拼读规则

● 元音字母的发音

2. 附：常见的字母与字母组合发音规则

（一） 元音字母a

1. 重读开音节 [ei] paper late make lake face

2. 重读闭音节 [æ] bag fat cat ladder mass

（*例外：any一些[e] many许多[e]）

3. 非重读音节 [ə]或[i]

即：[ə]—— ago along among above aloud

[i]——comrade village manager ； palace private ；necklace

*连续相同的辅音（字母），一般只发一个音，而且归属后一个音节段。如上的ladder,village .

4.在字母w或wh后面，发[ɔ] was wash what want (*例外：water水[ɔ:])

5.a在诸如-ance-ask-ass-ast-ath组合里,重读时均发[a:]

即：danceFrance chance

ask mask task basket

classgrass glass pass ——（*例外：mass[æ]）

fastcast past last master

fatherpath bath ——(*例外：maths[æ])

(二)元音字母e

1.重读开音节 [i:] me he shethese evening

2.重读闭音节 [e] hen get settell echo

3.非重读音节 [i] useless ticketbasket pocket before below

（三）元音字母i或y

1.重读开音节 [ai] China try my hi time guide

2.重读闭音节 [i] sit hit ill little system

3.非重读音节 [i] unit study

(四)元音字母o

1.重读开音节 [əu] no so go home photo

2.重读闭音节 [ɔ] not hot box fox cock cost

3.非重读音节 [ə] purpose concern

4.o在字母m,n,v或th之前，均发[ʌ]

son month come ton (*例外：Tom[ɔ])

love dove glove above another

mother brother become some

5.两个单词：woman[‘wu-mən]女人（单数） women[‘wi-min]女人（复数）

（五）元音字母u

1.重读开音节 [ju:] pupil student use cube

2.重读闭音节 [ʌ]或[u]

即：[ʌ]——cut luck umbrella us

[u]——put full pull

4.非重读音节 [ə] autumn August support

●元音字母组合的拼读规则

（一）元音字母a的字母组合

1.ai或ay在重读音节中 [ei] rain train brain pain day may play stay lay

*ay在非重读音里[i]或[ei] Sunday Monday Tuesday Thursday Friday

2.al 绝大多数辅音字母 [ɔ:] small wall call talk walk ；chalk

3.或[ɔ: l] also always

*al后面是k时，只发[ɔ:]

al f或m时，al发[a:] half calm

-al在词尾非重读[（ə）l] medal metal (例外canal运河，重音在后[æl])

3.-ance在重读时[a: ns] chance dance France

在非重读时[əns] importance ；performance ；ambulance

4.-ant非重读[ənt] assistant important ；peasant

5.-ange一般[eindʒ] change danger strange (*但orange[indʒ])

6.-age一般[idʒ] village carriage marriage

7.-ask一般重读时[a: sk] ask mask taskbasket

8.-ass一般重读时[a: s] class glass grass pass (*但mass[æ])

9.-ast一般重读时[a:st] last past fast cast

-aste一般[eist] waste paste taste

10.-ath一般[a: θ] bath path (*但maths[æθ])

或[a: ð]father rather (*但gather[æð])

11.-au一般[ɔ:] cause autumn August (*但because[ɔ])

-augh(t) [ɔ: (t)] caught taught daughter

(*例外：laugh[l a: f])

12.-aw [ɔ:] draw saw law awful

13.a在字母w或wh后面，a发[ɔ]

was wash want what (*但water[ɔ:])

14.-ar重读音时[a:] party car farm army yard hard star

在字母w或音[w]后面时 [ɔ:] war warm warntowards *quarter

在非重读音时[-ə] beggar dollar solar

15.-are一般[-εə] hare bare dare stare rare care parent

16.-air一般[-εə] chair fair hair pair stair repair

17.-able一般[eibl] able cable table stable

(二)元音字母e的组合

1.-ea重读音节有四个音，分别是下列：

-ea[i:] team meat lead teach read mean please steal

-ea[e] threat bread meant read(过去式和过去分词) peasant

-ea[iə] real really

-ea[ei] great break

2.-ee[i:] feel week keep three steel street sweep see

*但是一个例外：coffee[i]

3.-eer[iə] deer pioneer engineer volunteer

4.-er重读音节[ə:] her term service Germany

非重读[ə] worker paper western teacher

特殊读法[a:] clerk

5.-ere [iə] here mere

-ere 或者发[εə] there where

6.-ear 有三种音，分别是：

-ear [iə] ear dear near clear tear (n.) beard

-ear [ə:] early earth learn heard

-ear [a:] heart

* tear作为动词时，发[εə]

7.-ei[ei] eight weigh weight

-ei [ai] height

-ei [i:] receive

8.-ey重读[ei] they hey survey

-ey重读[i:] key

-ey非重读[i]monkey donkey valley volleyball

*-et非重读[it] pocket ticket rocket

9.-ew 一般[ju:] new few knew

-ew 或者发[u:] grew threw

-ew还可以发[əu] sew

10.-ege [idʒ] college

11.-est [i s t] biggest modest happiest

12.词尾的-ed在浊音后[d] lived studied

-ed在清音后[t] worked finished

-ed在字母t或d后[id] wanted needed

（三）元音字母i或y的组合

1.-ie在重读音节中，或在辅音字母前，发[i:] field piece achieve

-ie在词尾[ai] lie die tie

2.-igh(t)在重读音节[ai(t)] high night light bright

3.-ir在重读音节[ə:] girl firm circle first third

4.-ire在重读音节[‘aiə] fire tired hire retired wire

5.-ild [aild] child wild

6.-ind [aind] find kind mind wind (*但window[ind])

7.-ing [iŋ] king wing sing doing making

8.-(a)tion [(ei) ʃn] nation pronunciation information；composition

-stion [tʃn] question

-sion [ʃn]或[ʒn] mission使命 precision精密

9.-ye在词尾[ai] good-bye bye-bye

10.-ist[i s t] list fist

(四)元音字母o的组合

1.-oa在重音时[əu] boat coat road goat toad

-oar在重音时[ɔ:]blackboard aboard

2.-oi，-oy在重音时[ɔi] boiler point join oil

boy toy joy loyal

3.-oo一般[u:] soon too zoo room noon food mood boot moon

*单词room和其他名词构成合成词时，常发短音。如classroom[u]…等等。

在字母k或有时在t，d之前时[u] cook look book took foot good ；

4.-or在重音时[ɔ:] for horse important morning born

-or在字母w后面[ə:] work word world worse worth

(*但是wore ,worn例外，均发[ɔ:])

-or在非重音时[ə] monitor doctor professor forget

forwards forgive conductor

5.-oar一般[ɔ:] board aboard blackboard

6.-oor一般[ɔ:]或在美式英语里发[ɔ ə] door floor

-oor 还发[uə] poor

7.-ore在重音时[ɔ:]snore more before foreign forest

8.-ou一般[au]shout loud round found

-ou还发[ʌ] country countryside；trouble

-ou 还发[u:] wound wounded

9.-ough(t)发[ɔ:( t)] ought brought bought fought thought

(*例外：cough[k ɔ f])

10.-oe[əu] toe hoe Joe

11.-old[əu l d] old hold cold told

12.-ost[əu s t] post most host ghost(*例外cost[ɔ s t])

13.-our在重音时[au] sour our hour

还发[ɔ:] four course pour

还发[uə] tour gourd

-our 在词尾(非重音)[ ə] colour neighbour favourite

14.-ow在重音时[au] now cow down how town

-ow在重音或非重音中[əu] low yellow below follow grow

tomorrow window widow know show

（五）元音字母u的组合

1.-u在字母ll或sh之前，或者在字母b,p或f之后，均发[u]

如：full bull pull push bush

字母l,r或j u构成的开音节，u发[u:] rule true blue June

2.-ue在词尾[ju:]argue continue

3.-ui在字母j或r后面时，发[u:] fruit juice

-ui在字母b或g后面，或者紧接重音节后面的一个音节时发[i]

如： build guilty biscuit

(*即就是说字母u不发音)

4.-ur在重音时[ə:] turn return Thursday nurse purse

在非重音时[ə] surprise Saturday

-ure在重音时[(j) uə] pure[juə] manure[juə] sure[uə]

- ture发[tʃə] picture future mixture

(II) ●辅音字母及辅音字母组合的拼读规则

辅音字母一般都发字母本身音,只有一些是特殊的,下面试列举如下:

1.b在一般情况下[b]back ； big lab brother

b和u在一起，u常发[i] building； build ； busy

-bt一般[t] debt doubt

2.c在字母e,i或y前面时[s] city Bruce juice bicycle ；face central

c在字母a,o或u,或者在辅音字母前[k] cup cold cattle duck

bicycle cap cut class

c在词尾时也发[k]，但后面有e，那还发[s] gymnastic[k] music[k]

grace[s] Bruce[s]

-cc在元音字母a,o,u和辅音字母之前[k] occasion according occupy acclaim

在元音字母e和i之前[ks] accent success

-ci有时发[ʃ] social

-ch 有三种音[tʃ][ k]或[ʃ] 如下：

[tʃ]China rich chick chalk

[k] school chemist chemistry chemical ache technology

[ʃ] machine parachute moustache

-tch[tʃ] catch match fetch hatch butcher

-ck[k] duck luck ticket pocket black cock

3.d在一般情况下[d]did made desk duck doubt damage

-ds发[dz]birds hands

dr在元音字母前[dr]dry dress driver drill

-dge一般[dʒ]bridge fridge judge edge

4.f在一般情况下[f]five flag life leaf

5.g在字母e,i或y前面[dʒ] large general gymnastics age energy

*例外：give forgive get forget等,g都发[g]

在字母a,o或u,或者在辅音字母前[g]goat game guard ghost glass

在词尾也发[g] big egg fig flag

-gn[n]，即g不发音 foreign sign gnaw

-gh发[f]或[-](*既不发音) [-] high thought light brought

[f] laugh cough

-dge发[dʒ] bridge knowledge judge

*gue-,gua-和gui-在词首时一般u都不发音 guess guest guard guide

而-gue在词尾发[g] league colleague

6.h在一般情况下[h]help behave hello hit hurry

h在字母r或x后面不发音 rhino exhibition

7.j在一般情况下[dʒ] joy judge injure journey January jar just

8.k在一般情况下[k] king milk kick kiss lock knock

k后面是n时，k不发音,即kn发[n] knock knee know knowledge knife

9.l在元音字母前发[l](*即“勒”音，供参考) light；look let lab live

l在辅音字母或词尾时发[l](*即“尔”音，供参考) cold ；sell chalk

10.m在一般情况下[m]meet meat mother come make Tom

m后面是b时,b不发音,即-mb发[m] comb tomb climb bomber

11.n在一般情况下[n]in now next ton nest

n在m后面时，n常不发音,即-mn发[m] autumn column

但后面有后缀或构成合成词，则n还要发音的 autumnal columnist

-ng常发[ŋ]或[ŋg] 发[ŋ] sing king Englishyoung

发 [ŋg] finger ；younger language

-nk常发[ŋk] bank sink sank sunk ink thank

12.p在一般情况下[p]map cap people pest

-ph[f] photo phantom philosophy physics phrase

13.que在一般情况下[k]unique cheque

qu一般发[k w] quarter quick quilt quiet quite queen

14.r在元音字母前才发音[r](*即音同“略”供参考) room ；read rest around

r在辅音字母或词尾前，一般不发音 car star jar

rh在元音字母前只发[r] rhyme rhino rhetoric

15.s在词首和词尾、清辅音之前或之后,或者在词尾同时在短元音之后，一般发[s]

如：see some set sister works lips newspaper yes this

注：一条发音习惯，欧美人在发[s]音后面的清辅音时，习惯上把该清辅音发成相对应的浊辅音（而书写音标的时候，还是写成清辅音），试举例如下：

如：school---音标[s k u: l]，而习惯念成[s g u: l]

street---音标[s tr i: t],而习惯念成[s dr i: t]

stubborn---音标[‘s t ʌ b n],而习惯念成[‘s d ʌ b n]

student---音标[‘s t j u: d ə n t],而习惯念成[‘s d j u: d ə n t]

space---音标[s p ei s],而习惯念成[s b ei s]

steal---音标[s t i: l],而习惯念成[s d i: l]

就是这样，像这样的单词还有很多。这里只列举这么多了。

s在两个元音之间或者在浊辅音和元音之间时，发[z]

如：these nose lose rise wisdom observe

词尾的s在浊辅音或元音之后（即在浊音之后），发[z]

如：pigs plays flags eggs toys boys

词尾的s在长元音之后，发[z] hers yours

s还可以发[ʃ] sure Russia

-sh一般发[ʃ] sheep ship wish show shift fish

-sch一般情况下[s k] school scheme(计划)

-sion一般情况下[ʃ n] tension succession

在元音字母后[ʒ n] decision conclusion

-sure在元音字母后[ʒ ə] measure pleasure

16. t在一般情况下[t] tooth ； cat teach tool hit

cut let ten table taste

-th一般发[θ]或[ð],即发[θ] thin tooth youth think thigh

发[ð] that with this these those

-tr[tr] try trust trip trouble tree street

-tion[ʃ n]information organization pronunciation production

(*一个例外：question[tʃ n])

-ture[tʃ ə] picture mixture future

17.v在一般情况下[v] very live vehicle vase valley village

18.w在元音字母之前[w] wear window widow week weak wisdom

wr[r] write wrong wrist written

wh[h] who whom whose whole

wh[w] what which when where why

aw[ɔ:] draw saw law lawyer awful

ew[j u:] few threw grew knew new

ow[əu] own owner low slow know below

ow[au] now cow crown

19.x在一般情况下[ks] box fox next textile

位于元音字母之前且重音落在后一个音节上时，发[gz] exam exist anxiety

20.y在元音字母之前[j] you youth yes young

21.z在一般情况下[z] zoo quiz zebra zero zipper

1、音节的划分在两个音节的相邻处有两个辅字组时，一个辅字组属于前面的音节，一个属于后面的音节。

如：let-ter mem-ber chil-dren daugh-ter

2、在两个音节的相邻处只有一个辅字组时，如果前面音节里的元音是长音则辅字组属于后面一个音节，如果前面一个音节里的元音是短音，则辅字组属于前面一个音节。

如：长音pa-per stu-dent fa-ther ze-ro mo-tor far-ther

短音sev-en stud-y moth-er ver-y mod-le weath-er

3．重读音节单词中读音特别响亮的音节。用音标标记双音节、多音节词的读时，应使用重读符号。单音节词多数是重读音节，标记读音时不需要使用重读符号。

4．开音节，绝对开音节单个元音字母后面没有辅字组的重读音节。如：no blue ba-by stu-dent se-cret；相对开音节：单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母，再加一个不发音字母e构成的重读音节。

如：name these bike home excuse。

5．闭音节单个元音字母后面有辅字组（r w y除外）且以辅字组结尾的重读音节。

如：bag egg fish not cup

6．双音节词重读规则双音节词的第一个音节通常是重读音节。

例如：′stu-dent′Chi-na′sec-ond′au-tumn in-′deed

含有a- be- de- re- in- ex-等前缀的双音节词往往是在第二个音节上重读。双音节词的重读位置不会因增加前缀或后缀而发生改变。

如：a′bout，be′fore，ex′cuse，re′pair，for-′get-ful，in-′ven-tor

7．多音节词重读规则多音节词通常在倒数第三个音节重读。

例如：′el-e-phant con-grat-u-′la-tion

词尾有-ic或-tion,-sion的词，在-ic或-sion,-tion前的一个音节上重读。

例如：scien′tific im′pression′nation